Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the most important approaches to gaining research knowledge employed by full-time doctoral students in a Chinese university.

Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a case study of Tongji University using two sets of convenient samples and interviewing 51 students.

Findings – Results show that “academic databases” have outperformed the traditional supervisors' roles in their importance to PhD students' research activities. Also, an approach called “big and small group discussions” by local computer science students is identified to be important. In-depth analysis of this special practice suggests this learning experience echoes the importance of Wenger's theory of “community of practice” in the research activities of doctoral students.

Originality/value – This paper presents an analysis of doctoral students' research knowledge at a Chinese university. Its findings give critical suggestions for doctoral students' education and also have key theoretical implications, and suggest that future researchers in this area should have a deep understanding of the special form of “community of practice,” both in academic PhD and firm-level research activities.